Sorghum is a type of grain that is grown in the United States primarily to feed livestock, although it is also eaten by people in many other parts of the world. Most of the time, sorghum seeds grow best in hot, dry climates and require less humidity than corn or wheat. As with many crops, most sorghum seeds should be planted in early to late spring, and planting too early or late can affect the crop yield. The seeds should also be planted at the proper soil depth and with enough space between them to help ensure germination and healthy plants, as overcrowding can inhibit growth and encourage disease. Another important factor is use of proper fertilizer, which for sorghum seeds should contain a high ratio of nitrogen to phosphorous and potassium.
Like many other large grain crops in the United States, sorghum is most commonly grown as food for cows and other livestock. The sorghum plant grows in small bunches similar to millet and has grassy leaves like corn. Sorghum seeds, however, are smaller than corn and have different requirements. Optimal growing conditions can also vary depending on the particular type of sorghum seeds that are being grown. Sometimes, farmers grow sorghum seeds instead of corn during seasons when there is little rain and very warm temperatures, because sorghum can better tolerate these conditions.
Like most food crops, sorghum seeds are planted in the spring, with some varieties starting in April and others as late as mid-June. The best time to sow seeds also depends on the regional climate of the growing area and the soil temperature at the time of planting. In general, sorghum seeds in colder climates should be planted later in the spring. Planting too early or too late can affect the growth rate and often results in poor yields.
The planting depth for sorghum may vary depending on the particular cultivar being grown, but is generally around 1 inch (2.54 cm). If the seeds are too close to the surface, they may be washed away by rain or be exposed to too much sunlight. Seeds planted too deep may also not grow properly, because they may not receive enough light or moisture.
Knowing the soil type is important when selecting a fertilizer for sorghum. A soil sample can be analyzed to determine the amount of nutrients it contains. Then a fertilizer should be selected that supplies the nutrients that are lacking. In general, sorghum seeds require a larger amount of nitrogen for optimal growth.